4 research outputs found
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Post-automation: report from an international workshop
The purpose of this report is to share lessons from an international research workshop dedicated to post- automation. Twenty-seven researchers from eleven different countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America and Europe, met at the Science Policy Research Unit at Sussex University on 11-13 September 2019, where we discussed empirical research papers and explored post-automation in group activities. We write this report primarily for researchers, but also for activists and policy advisors looking for more imaginative approaches to governing technology, work and sustainability in society, compared to those dominant agendas adapting automatically to the interests behind automation.
The report is structured as follows. Section two introduces the workshop topic and papers presented, and which leads into two related areas that became a focus for discussion. First, some challenges in the foundations
of automation theory (section three). And second, post-automation as a more constructive proposition to the challenges of automation, and that is happening right now (section four). Section five summarises some key points arising from the workshop, based on empirical observations from the margins of digital technology development, and that give both a flavour of the workshop and help elaborate the post-automation proposition. Some analytical and strategic themes are discussed in section six. We conclude in section seven with proposals for a post-automation agenda
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Making sense of inclusive innovation: an agency perspective on knowledge production and organisational change in developmental universities
This thesis investigates how agency unfolds to create enabling environments for inclusive innovation in developmental universities. Growing concerns over social inclusion in innovation have given way to the emergence of inclusive innovation as an important overarching concept guiding funding programs of multilateral agencies to direct innovation towards specific aims such as poverty alleviation and welfare improvement for low-income groups. These concerns render the question of how inclusion can become a central feature of innovation systems.
Extant approaches in the literature have emphasised functionalist explanations and overstressed the role of structures in enabling change, particularly by suggesting the incorporation of innovation systems’ excluded components and the stimulation of neglected functions (Arocena et al., 2018, 2015; Foster and Heeks, 2013; Grobbelaar et al., 2016; Grobbelaar and van der Merwe, 2016). Whilst these approaches have yielded valuable insights to chart routes towards inclusive systems of innovation, the thesis argues that it is also necessary to consider the interplay between agency and structure as mutual dependencies with ongoing interaction influencing how and in what contexts inclusive practices emerge. This requires an approach that goes beyond a narrow study of structure. Therefore, this PhD bridges this divide by bringing to the fore the complex relationship between institutional set-ups, organisations’ missions, structures, and agency to expound how actors chose to produce knowledge to cater to societal needs and triggered changes in organisational interpretive schemes to create more enabling environments for inclusive innovation. This is done through a case study in three Peruvian universities.
The literature review discusses the limits of functionalist arguments for explaining systems change and introduces a novel conceptual framework for the study of agency in two domains: knowledge production and organisational learning. The thesis offers a normative and evaluative framework to assess innovation in terms of inclusiveness. In the empirical chapters, it unpacks the importance of values, beliefs, and role expectations in researchers’ choices to produce knowledge for inclusive innovation projects and explains how these researchers repurposed policy instruments to match their self-perceived roles as university workers. It also explains how researchers’ agency triggered changes in organisational interpretive schemes and how these changes are reflected on reconfigurations in the governance structures of these universities. The thesis’s insights are brought together in a reflective chapter that summarises the contribution of the thesis to the understanding of inclusive innovation from a systems’ perspective and the implications for policy
El proceso de estructuración de mecanismos de cooperación bilateral : consideraciones para la lucha contra la trata de personas a partir del caso peruano-ecuatoriano
En la última década, el Perú ha respondido a las demandas del Régimen Internacional contra la Trata de Personas a través del diseño e implementación de medidas para prevenir, reprimir y sancionar este delito y sus formas de explotación. Dentro de este marco, Ecuador, a diferencia del resto de paÃses de vecinos, se ha convertido en el paÃs con el que más se ha avanzado en lo que respecta a la construcción de una agenda bilateral contra la trata de personas. Esta agenda común no parecerÃa responder al comportamiento del fenómeno de trata en esa zona fronteriza, pues no hay registros de un tránsito de personas cuantioso o fluido, ni tampoco de nodos, por ejemplo, de extracción ilÃcita de recursos naturales que generen una demanda de servicios sexuales o de mano de obra, como sà ocurrirÃa en otras fronteras como la que el Perú comparte con Colombia, Brasil y Bolivia. Las acciones que materializan los acuerdos establecidos entre Perú y Ecuador son variadas, empero parecen tener una capacidad limitada debido a la estructura y alcance del Estado en zonas fronterizas como la que comparte con Ecuador. Es a la luz de estos cuestionamientos que esta investigación se propone determinar los factores que perfilaron el proceso de construcción e implementación de mecanismos de cooperación bilateral entre Perú y Ecuador en materia de trata de personas entre el 2005 y el 2015.Tesi
PolÃtica de ciencia, tecnologÃa e innovación frente a la coyuntura y la recuperación pospandemia
La pandemia de la Covid-19 ha resaltado el rol que la ciencia, la tecnologÃa y la innovación (CTI) desempeñan en la generación de respuestas de polÃtica pública basadas en evidencia y de desarrollos especÃficos para atender la problemática. En un contexto caracterizado por niveles de incertidumbre sin precedentes, gobiernos en distintos paÃses del mundo han buscado en universidades, empresas de base tecnológica y centros de investigación, guÃa para dar respuesta a la emergencia sanitaria desencadenada por el coronavirus. Tras el éxito de varias iniciativas en el sector (como las pruebas moleculares y los avances en el desarrollo de una vacuna), parece haberse creado un acuerdo alrededor de la necesidad de destinar más recursos a quienes materializan las actividades de CTI. Los gobiernos en América Latina, como consecuencia, han desplegado una serie de instrumentos de polÃtica pública con la finalidad de brindar apoyo al sector. No obstante, en un contexto que exige repensar las estructuras, prácticas y polÃticas de CTI, las respuestas de los gobiernos continúan reproduciendo (con un objetivo distinto) las estrategias y acciones que precisamente se necesita transformar.publishedVersionFil: Echeverry MejÃa, Jorge Andrés. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Echeverry MejÃa, Jorge Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; Argentina.Fil: Loray, Romina Paola. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Loray, Romina Paola. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientÃficas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Galdos Frisancho, Melina. University of Sussex; Reino Unido.Fil: Villalba Morales, MarÃa Luisa. Universidad Católica de Oriente; Colombia